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APA Style Sheet for Term Paper Citations
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According to the guidelines of the American Psychological Association, a Reference List cites works that specifically support your particular article. A bibliography cites works for background or for further reading. APA journals require Reference Lists not bibliographies.
*On a Works Cited page, always indent five spaces for each line after the first one:
Examples Of Items In A Reference List
Books
General
Author, A. A. (2002). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
No Author
A Handbook of Korea. 6th ed.(1987) Seoul: International Pub. House.
One Author
Alcock, J. (1975) Animal behavior : an evolutionary approach. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.
Two Authors
Mitchell, T. R. , & Larson, J. R., Jr. (1987). People in organizations: An introduction to organizational behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Editor
Fox, R. W., & Lears, T. J. J. (Eds.). (1993). The power of culture: Critical essays in American history. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Several Volumes
Laslo, I (ed.). (1986-1988.) World encyclopedia of peace (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Article In A Collection
Ochs, E., & Schieffelin, B. (1984). Language acquisition and socialization: Three developmental stories.In R. Schweder and R. Levine (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays in mind, self, and emotion (pp. 276-320). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Periodicals And Newspapers
General
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2002). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx.
One Author
Bekerian, D. A. (1993). In search of the typical eyewitness. American Psychologist, 48, 674-576.
Two Authors, Journal Pages Continously
Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45 (2), 10-36.
Two Authors, Journal Pages Each Issue Separately
Becker, L.J. & Seilgman, C. (1981). Welcome to the energy crisis. Journal of Social Issues, 37 (2), 1-7.
Magazine Article Signed
Sarnoff, I & Sarnoff, S. (1990, October). Dialectic of Marriage. Psychology Today, pp. 54-57.
Magazine Article Unsigned
Time for Doubt. (1990, November 26). Time, pp. 30-34.
Entire Issue Of A Journal
Glaser, R. &Bond, L. (Eds.) (1981). Testing: Concepts, policy, practice, and research [Special Issue]. American Psychologists, 36 (10).
Newspaper Article, No Author
New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post,p. A12.
Newspaper Article, Dis-Continuous Pages
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post,pp. A1, A4-5.
Citing Abstract Only
Wynn, K. (1990). Children's understanding of counting. Cognition, 36, 155-193. (From Psychological Abstracts, 78, 1991, Abstract No. 4120).
Proceedings Of Meetings, And Symposia
Proceedings Published Annually
Thumin, F. J., Craddick, R. A. & Barclay, A.G. (1978). Meaning and compatibility of a proposed corporate name and symbol [Summary]. Proceedings of the 81st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 8, 835-836.
Contribution To A Symposium In An Edited Book
Fry, J., & Haddock, F. J. (2002). Outlines of the heterogeneity in social space. In E. E. Coleslaw (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Psycho-social Mnemesis (pp. 89-92), Albany: SUNY Press.
Electronic Resources
Electronic Version Of An Article From A Database
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycINFO database.
Internet Article Based On Print Source
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123.
Internet Article Based On Print Source But Slightly Altered Version
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., &Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from:
http://jbr.org/articles.html
Article Only Available On Internet
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from:
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
Article In Internet Newsletter
Glueckauf, R. L., Whitton, J.,Baxter, J., , J., Vogelgesang, S., Hudson, M., et al. (1998, July). Videocounseling for families of rural teens with epilepsy -- Project update. TelehealthNews, 2(2). Retrieved from:
http://www.telehealth.net/subscribe/newslettr4a.html
Stand Alone Internet Source Without Identifiable Author Or Date
GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from:
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/
Document On University Program Or Department Web Site
Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F., & Nix, D. H. (1993). Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved August 24, 2000, from Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technologies Web site:
http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html
APA Reference Citation in Text
When one uses borrowed material in one's paper, one must briefly identify the source so that the reader may locate the full information in the alphabetically arranged list at the end of one's paper. All items in the REFERENCE LIST must be cited in one's TEXT. Conversely, all citations in one's TEXT must be listed in one's REFERENCE LIST. The APA uses the author-date method of citation.
Examples Of Citation
Author And Date Of Publication, Usually In Parentheses.
Gray (1987) compared reaction times... A recent study of reaction times (Gray, 1987) showed... In 1987, Gray compared reaction times...
When A Work Has Two Authors, Always Cite Both Names.
It has been shown (Jarnot & Wong 1987)... Jarnot & Wong (1987) demonstrate...
When Citing Two Authors With The Same Name Include The Authors' Initials.
D. E. Smith(2000) and N. K. Smith (1999) also find...
Arrange Two Or More Works By The Same Author By The Year Of Publication.
Past research (Antonio, 1984, 1985) indicates...
Two Works By Different Authors Are Cited Alphabetically And Separated By A Colon.
Several studies (Pasqua, 1999: DeLuca & Dean, 2000)...
To Cite A Specific Part Of The Source, Indicate The Page Or Chapter... Always Give Page Numbers For Quotations.
(Hubbard & Goldstein, 1910, p. 23)
For More Examples And Information On Apa Style
- American Psychological Association (APA) (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.).
- Shields Library: BF76.7.P83 2001 H/SS Ref; Reserves
- American Psychological Association (APA) Electronic Reference Citation Guide
- Dewey, R. APA Style Resources Psych Web
- Walker, Janice R. The Columbia Guide to Online Style.
- New York: Columbia UP, 1998.


